Behaviorism after the founding Free Essays

Behaviorism as the third power in brain research have begun as a hypothetical suggestion of John B. Watson when he came out with â€Å"Psychology as The Behaviorist Views It† and have been known as the behaviorist pronouncement (Benjamin, 1997). Watson suggested that brain science is the investigation of conduct and have advanced four significant presumptions that structure the precepts of behaviorism as a way of thinking. We will compose a custom exposition test on Behaviorism after the establishing or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now The principal supposition that will be that of developmental progression which implies that the laws of conduct are relevant to every living being. This presumption has validated the behaviorist’s utilization of creatures in the investigation of human conduct. The subsequent supposition that will be that of reductionism, this alludes to the behaviorist’s conviction that all practices have a physiological premise and that conduct is the body’s response to an upgrade. The third supposition that is determinism, behaviorists bolster the possibility that creatures react to outer boosts in explicit manners and are naturally modified into one’s cerebrum from birth. The last supposition that is induction which is one of the foundations of behaviorism and that the conflict just plain activities or conduct are quantifiable and recognizable and fit the logical strategy. In this way, to the behaviorist, brain research ought to be the investigation of clear conduct. B. F. Skinner was a self-admitted convert to behaviorism in the wake of perusing Watson’s monograph; he was additionally affected by the test investigations of Ivan Pavlov (Bjork, 1997). Skinner built up a hypothesis that depended on the old style molding worldview of Pavlov and incorporated it with his own meaning of behaviorism. Skinner’s significant work is his hypothesis of operant molding, wherein he said that conduct can be adapted through support and conduct lessens when it isn't strengthened. He acquired from Pavlov the essential thought of molding, however as opposed to restricting it to a boost reaction worldview, he joined the significance of remunerations and discipline, which implies that conduct isn't just displayed as a reaction to an improvement yet in addition as a type of relationship between the fortification given after the conduct. Skinner’s hypothetical position made it evident that he digressed from Watson’s radical behaviorism, since molding a she characterized it includes cognizance which Watson has emphatically killed from his suggestions. Additionally, the accentuation given to fortifications and disciplines allude to the need to recognize mental procedures in the investigation of conduct. Skinner’s work was generally welcomed by the scholarly network much even that Watson’s introductory paper was and this have scorned the enthusiasm of similarly invested clinicians who supported the methodological ramifications of behaviorism however was not open of the extreme contentions of Watson. Skinner’s thoughts seemed well and good since it didn't upheld the possibility that men are not thinking creatures and were increasingly ready to catch how man carries on. Skinner’s sort of behaviorism by one way or another wedded the restricting perspectives on psyche and conduct and furthermore offered significance to how natural encounters and impacts shape human conduct. Also, operant molding was pertinent in various territories most quite instruction, kid raising and creature preparing (Skinner, 1966). Skinner’s behaviorism has likewise affected different analysts to consider and conceptualize mental marvels utilizing the standards of operant molding and without a doubt was the sort of behaviorism that has prospered for the only remaining century or so in the field of brain research. Contemporary behaviorism have been recognized as the investigation of social learning, wherein a conduct is found out through socialization and socialization is the procedure by which conduct is compensated or rebuffed by society (Smith Woodward, 1996). The advancement of behaviorism from Watson to Skinner and to the present has been made conceivable by the tremendous exploration and hypothetical models created by clinicians who hold fast to contemporary behaviorism. One of the signs of behaviorism is the utilization of creatures to consider human conduct. Creature research has demonstrated to be valuable in seeing how man learns or can be prepared to display a specific sort of conduct (Benjamin, 1997). Albeit creature conduct is constrained, it regardless gets vital for social researchers on the grounds that moral contemplations in utilizing a human subject in unsafe examinations are not allowed. For instance, doing an examination on the impact of light enlightenment to lack of sleep is presumably unscrupulous to do on people. Despite the fact that creatures are not actually anatomically like people, creature physiology and life structures have been very much contemplated and reported that following the responses of mice to light will be simpler and logically solid. The speculations made dependent on this investigation is anyway constrained however is an adequate safety buffer. Besides, creatures can be effectively controlled and exposed to tests than people since they work on an instinctual level and don't need to process the data given to them. The information picked up in contemplating creatures is various however particularly have been focused on learning and conduct and somewhat how medications influence the cerebrum or the body. Creature examination can assist us with understanding human conduct better in light of the fact that somewhat we share with them essential drives that are vital for our reality and subsequently, figuring out how creatures respond to pressure or appetite can give us the data expected to sufficiently clarify conduct. Creatures show basic practices which people share and have developed in unpredictability throughout the years however whenever investigated depends still on straightforward practices. References Benjamin, L. (1997) A History of Psychology: Original Sources and Contemporary Research second ed. New York: McGraw â€Hill. Bjork, D. (1997) B. F. Skinner: A Life. Washington: American Psychological Association. Skinner, B. F. (1966). The Behavior of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis. seventh printing. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Smith, L. Woodward, W. (1996). B. F Skinner and Behaviorism in American Culture. London: Lehigh University Press Step by step instructions to refer to Behaviorism after the establishing, Papers

Endless Sufferings Mother Figure in Brechtâ„¢S Mother Courage and Her Children Essay Example

Unlimited Sufferings Mother Figure in Brechtâ„ ¢S Mother Courage and Her Children Essay Unlimited sufferings: Mother figure in Brechtâ„ ¢s Mother Courage and Her Children Brecht started composing plays as ahead of schedule as 1919, and in a not very many years he was fashioning a spot for himself in present day dramatization with such creative works as? Trommeln in der Nacht?â (pr., pb. 1922;? Drums in the Night, 1961),? Im Dickicht der Stadte?â (pr. 1923;? In the Jungle of the Cities, 1961), and? Die Dreigroschenoper?â (pr. 1928;? The Threepenny Opera, 1949). His extraordinary decade as a dramatist, in any case, was the 1940â„ ¢s, which saw the creation of first?â Mother Courage and Her Children?â and afterward ? Leben des Galilei?â (pr. 1943;? Life of Galileo, 1947),?â Der gute Mensch von Sezuan?â (pr. 1943;? The Good Woman of Setzuan, 1948), and? Der Kaukasische Kreidekreis?â (pr. 1958;? The Caucasian Chalk Circle, 1948), among others. When he started writing? Mother Courage and Her Children, Brecht had just built up the hypothesis behind his epic theater and started to try it; he had additionally exhibited an unpretentious and energetic handle of socio-policy centered issues. The 1940â„ ¢s was a fruitful decade for Brecht for a few reasons, not the least of which is the straightforward truth that by then he had arrived at full development, since individual conditions excited him to inventive activity. Mother Courage and Her Children?â is the most straightforward of incredible plays to comprehend on the grounds that the determination with which the creator presents his subject of the repulsiveness of war/private enterprise is supported by his specialized advancements. Epic auditorium is the name that Brecht provided for his show, a mark got from Brechtâ„ ¢s conviction that cutting edge dramatization should forsake the customary Aristotelean model and seek rather to the state of epic poetry†at least in certain respects. Brechtâ„ ¢s epic auditorium purposely separates the crowd from the activity, similarly as does epic verse, with its storyteller intervened among crowd and story. Brecht accomplishes this separating through what he calls distance impacts (Verfremdung, or V-impacts). Similarly significant for both the estrangement impact and the amusement estimation of the play are the melodies and silliness. The diversion is a greater amount of the dark than the customary variety†that is, it increments as opposed to discharges tension†and along these lines is with regards to the lamentable topic of the play. The incessant melodies convey probably the weightiest topical articulations (the Song of the Great Capitulation, for instance) while perforce collapsing whatever deception of the real world (and enthusiastic distinguishing proof) may be building. By and large, at that point, Brechtâ„ ¢s epic venue is a perfect vehicle for his enthusiastically held feelings concerning war and priv ate enterprise. The playâ„ ¢s hero, Anna Fierling, is a container proprietor referred to all the more recognizably as Mother Courage. Brecht took the name from a character who showed up in two novels,? Der abenteuerlich Simplicissimus? (1688;? The Adventurous Simplicissimus, 1912) and? Lebensbeschreibung der Ertzbetrugerin und Landstortzerin Courasche? (1670;? Courage: The Adventuress, 1964), both composed by the German author Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen. Though Grimmelshausenâ„ ¢s champion is a tempting, libertine, childless whore of ill-conceived however distinguished birth, Brechtâ„ ¢s Courage is a salty, shrewd, self-serving businessperson, an improper profiteer who capitalizes on the troopsâ„ ¢ requirements for liquor and attire; another character calls her a hyena of the combat zone. Savvy, harsh, and suspicious, she is a full-blooded embodiment of her creatorâ„ ¢s antiheroic perspective on life. During twelve scenes that happen from 1624 to 1636, the peruser/observer follows Anna Fierlingâ„ ¢s wagon as she makes her living from the war yet accepts she can keep her developed kids out of it. Every kid speaks to one righteousness in overabundance and is thus murdered by it. Swiss Cheese, legitimate yet moronic, is endowed with the cashbox as paymaster of a Protestant regiment; when he is caught by the Catholics, he won't give up the cash and is perplexed by eleven slugs. His mom could have spared him, however just at the cost of pawning her wagon, on which she and her little girl depend for their work. The mother finishes up delayed episodes of dealing with the acknowledgment, I believe†I wrangled excessively long. Mother Courage, a camp supporter around forty years of age who offers supplies from a bottle wagon to the two sides in the Thirty Yearsâ„ ¢ War. She got the epithet after her distraught drive through the assault of Riga, made trying to sell her bread before it turned out to be excessively mildew covered. Mother Courage is a deep rooted haggler and merchant who benefits from the war and fears the happening to harmony. In spite of the fact that she holds a few charming characteristics, she is all things considered the focal point of the authorâ„ ¢s analysis of war and the individuals who might benefit from it. Indeed, even as she loses every one of her three kids (fathered by three unique men) to the war, Mother Courage can't remove herself from it. Her cruel perspective on life is summed up in The Song of the Great Capitulation, which expresses that the individual must forsake sentimental dreams and swallow what life forces on the person in question, and The Song of the Great So uls of this Earth, which keeps up that oneâ„ ¢s most prominent temperances are immediately the reason for oneâ„ ¢s ruin. The last tune (however sung by another character) mirrors the predetermination of Mother Courageâ„ ¢s youngsters, whose death is achieved by the unmistakable character traits†bravery, trustworthiness, and compassion†featured in the melody. Mother Courage accepts that the nearness of ideals is a certain sign somethingâ„ ¢s wrong however never fathoms the exercise of war and carries out her specialty until the end. The other child, Eiliff, is brave†a ideals in wartime yet a risk during an interval of harmony, when he kills honest workers who wished uniquely to ensure their steers. He finds that law and ethical quality are relative, moving their ground to suit societyâ„ ¢s needs. Fierlingâ„ ¢s little girl, Kattrin, quiet and distorted, is the manifestation of graciousness, empathy, and love, accomplishing figurative glory. However in this barbarous war she is shot down from the wagonâ„ ¢s rooftop by fighters endeavoring an unexpected assault, as she thumps her drum to caution the blockaded town and in this manner spare childrenâ„ ¢s lives. Her amazing motion succeeds, yet at a mind-blowing expense. The scene performing Kattrinâ„ ¢s valor has the drawn out fervor and anticipation of drama, subbing energetic influence and observer sympathy for Brechtâ„ ¢s satiric argument and technique of separating. Fearlessness herself is one of Brechtâ„ ¢s generally opposing and confusing characters. She is thusly praiseworthy and disgusting, with more extraordinary characteristics than some other of his heroes. As Eric Bentley has brought up, she is extreme, legit, flexible, and gutsy, yet in addition cool, clever, inflexible, and fearful. She finishes up business bargains in the back room while her kids pass on, yet every last bit of her exchanges are attempted for the wellbeing of they. Her way of thinking is to yield rout on such huge issues as the war itself, while attempting to flourish as a private company business person. Brecht expects her as a bad habit figure in an ethical quality play however can't control his warmth for her as she rises above his structure. He attempts to denounce her as a horrible Falstaff, yet his dramatization focuses on her resolute assurance to endure. While the facts demonstrate that Courage has wrangled while her kids kick the bucket, it is additionally obvious that her loss of them is forsakenly heartbreaking. A lamentable survivor of wrong dreams, she should end the play by outfitting herself to her brutal fourth child†her wagon†to walk after the soldiers as the stage turns in a quickening vortex of crazed hopelessness. Both her diminutiveness and her significance are paramount in the last scene of this showstopper. Works Cited We will compose a custom exposition test on Endless Sufferings Mother Figure in Brechtâ„ ¢S Mother Courage and Her Children explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Endless Sufferings Mother Figure in Brechtâ„ ¢S Mother Courage and Her Children explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Endless Sufferings Mother Figure in Brechtâ„ ¢S Mother Courage and Her Children explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Brecht, Bertolt (trans. John Willett).? Mother Courage and Her Children. London: Methuen, 1980. Brecht, Bertolt (trans. Eric Bentley).? Mother Courage and Her Children. New York: Grove, 1966. Fuegi, John.? Bertolt Brecht: Chaos According to Plan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. Thomson, Peter.? Plays in Production: Mother Courage and Her Children. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

How to Handle Performance Anxiety as an Athlete

How to Handle Performance Anxiety as an Athlete Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print How to Handle Performance Anxiety as an Athlete By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on September 28, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children F64/Digital Vision/Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Sports Psychology Athletic Performance Anxiety Triggers Thrive Under Pressure Manage Anxiety View All Performance anxiety symptoms are often present in athletes. While some people become pumped up during the competition, if you interpret the rush of adrenaline as anxiety and negative thoughts take over, this can interfere with your ability to perform. Before you learn how to manage the symptoms of anxiety during competitions, it is critical to understand the relationship between anxiety and athletic performance. Performance Anxiety and Sports Psychology People with social anxiety disorder (SAD) fear social and performance situations. The most common fear is public speaking.?? However, other types of performances such as musical and athletic may also lead to anxiety. Sport psychology is a division of psychology aimed at better preparing the mind of an athlete for competition. Most sport psychologists work with athletes to help them overcome anxiety about performance during competitions. In its most extreme form, this type of anxiety would be diagnosed as SAD. Performance Anxiety and Athletic Performance Anxiety before or during athletic competitions can interfere with your performance as an athlete.?? The coordinated movement required by athletic events becomes increasingly difficult when your body is in a tense state. While a certain level of physical arousal is helpful and prepares us for competition, when the physical symptoms of anxiety are too great, they may seriously interfere with your ability to compete. A certain amount of worry about how you perform can be helpful in competition.?? At the same time, negative thought patterns and expectations of failure can bring about a self-fulfilling prophecy. If there is a large difference between how you fare during practice and how you do during competitions, anxiety may be affecting your performance. Sports Performance Anxiety Triggers Some types of athletes are more prone to feeling the effects of anxiety on performance. As an amateur athlete, you are more likely than seasoned professionals to experience anxiety that interferes with your ability to perform in competition.?? This makes sense due to your relative lack of experience both in competition and in managing feelings of being pumped up. If you are an athlete who participates in individual sports, you are also more likely to experience anxiety than those who play team sports.?? It makes sense that being part of a team helps to manage some of the pressure that you feel when you compete alone. Finally, there is evidence that in team sports, if your team plays at the venue of the opposition (known as an away game), anxiety levels tend to be higher than when your team is playing at home.?? Again, it makes sense that having greater fan support and being more familiar with the location helps to reduce anxiety. How Some Athletes Thrive Under Pressure How are elite athletes consistently able to rise to the challenge when faced with the tough competition? Research shows that self-confidence plays a role in how you respond to symptoms of anxiety during athletic performance.?? If you are confident in your ability, you are more likely to have a positive reaction to being pumped up and will thrive on the challenge of competition. Elite athletes are often so focused on their behavior that they interpret arousal as excitement rather than anxiety. In general, self-confidence tends to be highest when you believe in your ability and feel that you have properly prepared for a competition. Worry and confidence are at opposite ends of the spectrum; when confidence is strong, it tends to crowd worry out of the mind. How to Manage Performance Anxiety Symptoms Based on whats been discussed, there are a number of strategies you can employ to reduce performance anxiety symptoms, such as the following: Reduce negative thought patterns that contribute to anxiety through cognitive restructuring (self-help books on cognitive-behavioral therapy will help with this)Learn how to interpret arousal during the competition as positive or acceptable rather than negative (self-help books on acceptance and commitment therapy will help with this)Ensure that you have practiced enough so that you are confident during competitionGenerate that team spirit even for individual sports by making friends with other competitorsFor away games, ask friends or family to be there to root you on You can also use a number of strategies to help manage anxiety and induce relaxation related to athletic performance including visualization and progressive muscle relaxation.?? How to Cope With Anxiety About a Sports Competition A Word From Verywell If you find that your anxiety symptoms are severe and do not improve with the use of self-help strategies, plan a visit to your doctor to discuss your concerns. You may be suffering from SAD and need professional treatment. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Affirmative Action Keeping minorities down for 30 years....

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The subject of affirmative action in college admissions has been hotly debated since its inception. Although affirmative action was originally supported by the vast majority, that same majority is now starting to wonder if there is a better way. Commonly asked questions include: â€Å"Is affirmative action still working?† and â€Å"Is there an alternative?† The answers to each of these questions will provide insurmountable evidence that affirmative action in college admissions no longer fulfills its intended purpose and that the only viable alternative is to focus more attention on primary schooling for the underprivileged. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The most common question that arises in contemporary debates over†¦show more content†¦Billingsley, goes a step further and says, â€Å" . . . there are three kinds of racism: the David Duke and Adolf Hitler brand based on hatred, the Archie Bunker strain based on ignorance, and, last but not least, the racial bigotry born of patronization.† By its very nature of benefiting one race over another, affirmative action failed in its primary goal of eliminating racism in college admissions. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Additionally, affirmative action policies also failed the secondary goal of providing a helping hand to disadvantaged minority students. Some will point to the increased numbers of minority students as evidence to the contrary, but does increased representation of the disadvantaged mean that they are any less disadvantaged? Not at all, there are simply more minorities present. Richard Rodriguez describes the influx of disadvantaged stude nts to university life like this, â€Å"Cruelly, callously, admissions committees agreed to overlook serious academic deficiency. I knew students in college then barely able to read, students unable to grasp the function of a sentence† (Rodriguez 154). Affirmative action policies are guaranteeing the college experience for students that are ill-equipped to reap theShow MoreRelatedWhy Is Affirmative Action Such a Divisive Issue?2126 Words   |  9 PagesAFFIRMATIVE ACTION: WHY IS AFFIRMATIVE ACTION SUCH A DIVISIVE ISSUE? Affirmative Action: Why is Affirmative Action Such a Divisive Issue? Introduction â€Å"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of it’s creed: â€Å" We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.† Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. King stated this in his famous â€Å"I have a Dream† speech in Washington, D.C. in 1963. Is affirmative action still necessary in UnitedRead MoreEssay on Affirmative Action4012 Words   |  17 PagesAffirmative Action Since its implementation in the United States in 1965, affirmative action has been a heated topic of debate. Designed to address the issue of inequality in American society, affirmative action is a number of programs and policies designed to give women and racial minorities more opportunities in education and the job market. As a result, affirmative action has received opposition, mainly from blue collar white males who feel that it compromises their best interests. 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Want to Know More About Supplemental Essay Samples?

Want to Know More About Supplemental Essay Samples? Get the Scoop on Supplemental Essay Samples Before You're Too Late Reflect on the footprint that you've left. While strict measurements enable us to replicate reliable goods, the aesthetic appeal makes consumers wish to engage with the products. Our premium plans provide different amount of profile access and data insights that may help you to get into your dream school. They offer different levels of profile access and data insights that can help you get into your dream school. A Secret Weapon for Supplemental Essay Samples Research is key here and if it is possible, visit campus! People with ADD are usually provided a special 504 program. For example, if you wish to study English literature, you could discuss a family visit to London that piqued your interest and the way you wish to take advantage of certain literature classes at Brown. Demonstrated interest is essential in the present competitive admissions scene to s tick out from the remainder of the pack. Sometimes earning a list can help you to get started. Unlock all of these in 1 go with our curated package. In some instances, schools let applicants choose between several different alternatives. Don't say that you would like to be a physician for the work stability or the opportunity to be featured in a health journal. Examine the remainder of your program, and think what else are you missing from your application that you really need to emphasize. While the Fall 2018 application won't be live until August 2017, we hope you are going to have the chance to think about your responses. Key Pieces of Supplemental Essay Samples Don't be daunted by the amount of the term limitview it as a chance to demonstrate how much you know more about the school. As soon as you've identified what you wish to discuss, consider what words may be helpful launch points for describing that experience and back into your favourite word. The second essay si milarly employs a Williams tradition to offer you an opportunity to show them a side of you not reflected in the remainder of your application. The absolute most intriguing essays will concentrate on small, personal moments that have shaped how you find the world. Think beyond the box as you answer the next questions. As you pay for homework, we provide those options at no cost. Even then you're unable to discover the informative and accurate info. See the Help Section for more details. The Battle Over Supplemental Essay Samples and How to Win It College application essay, is a significant aspect as it assists the panel, decide on the best students that show the proper type of motivation, for placement into a few of their programs. It's important the student can develop a thesis statement that's fitting with their targets. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. The student ought to be in a place to share their values and dreams they aspire to achieve as soon as they get the occasion to get in the college in the discussion. The Truth About Supplemental Essay Samples The Common Application's individual essay enables a student to compose a single essay for many colleges. 1 approach to supply that additional information is to attach another essay. An essay might be attached even if there's not such a space. Please be aware that a few of these college essay examples could possibly be responding to prompts that are no longer being used. When choosing the proper college essay topics, students ought to be keen to focus on the key ideas they're attempting to pass in their essay. This quick essay will surely be a positive bit of her application. Our writers always create unique content that is absolutely free from all grammatical error. A thesis statement functions as a guide, on which the remainder of the paper is hinged on. By doing that the student stays true to the very first paragraph in supplying a very clear direction throughout the whole essay. A superb college essay isn't just persuasive, it's a piece which highlights the correct attitude to the college, the personal aspirations and the vision the student has once they get in the school. Make sure that you do your homework thoroughly. Below are a few of the example s in the sort of prompts a student will probably encounter in a college essay request. A great essay becomes specific and shows particular understanding of the school. Additionally, it shows they have done their homework, and understand how it's the college they've chosen will enable them to attain the exact same. Superior grades and test scores aren't enough you require an outstanding college essay too. Boost your college essay to the peak of the pile! The essay should include specific information regarding Oberlin College. By way of example, studying abroad can be problematic for pre-med students. The next Sample Admissions Many universities and colleges around the world ask that you compose an admission essay as a portion of the application practice. Connect your discussion to certain facets of the program at Yale.

Alternative Breaks Essay Free Essays

Alternative Breaks Essay 1. 2. I have always wanted to be able to give back to my community and my country. We will write a custom essay sample on Alternative Breaks Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Getting an opportunity to be a part of Alternative Breaks will hopefully help me be a more active citizen. In addition, I want to be able to see another part of the world and broaden my experience by giving a helping hand. Staying in a different place and helping others will help me see the world from a whole different angle and will broaden my perspective about our world today and changes that are important to be implemented. I also hope to gain new insights and outlooks through new relationships that I will form. I want to be exposed to countless different experiences that may influence the rest of my life, and may influence me to make a positive change outside of just my community. 3. I have volunteered at a local hospital since my sophomore year of high school. I received a wide range of opportunities, from meeting family members at different areas of the hospital, to volunteering in the emergency room, to also giving comfort to families in the hospice. In addition, I am very culturally oriented and try to be active in the Indian community. Every summer, I volunteer at an Indian Saturday school which I have attended since kindergarten. I teach students the Indian customs and Hindu religion, as well as how to further their reading and writing skills in Sanskrit. I was responsible for these children for a whole week, and took care of them as if they were my siblings. I spend my free time teaching kids how to do Indian classical dance. I love being active and able to give back to my community as much as I can, and I would love to broaden my experience throughout the country. . I am a very approachable and dedicated. I am a person that can be easily talked to in any situation. I love being able to give help to a person when needed, and I constantly stay on task. In addition, I try my best to put all of my effort into what I have to do, and strive to understand other’s emotions. My volunteering experience has truly helped me cope with others and understand their feelings. I am sure that my stableness, perseverance, an d commitment will guide me through overcoming any obstacle that I may encounter. 5. My biggest fear about going on an Alternative Breaks trip is that I will not be able to fully aid a person or a community as much as I want to. I love helping people, but it does make me sad when people are still not completely benefited with the service that I offer. I try my best to please others, however when I do not live up to my full potential, I begin to feel disheartened. I am prepared to be strong and do the best that I can for whom ever needs my help and guidance. I will hopefully take this weakness as a learning experience to becoming a better person, and hopefully continuing to provide aid to those in need. How to cite Alternative Breaks Essay, Essay examples

Wheres Nana free essay sample

When I was really young I always loved when Nana came to visit.She was perfect in every way I thought possible.She always smelled of soap that had a strong perfume to it, and she always wore black boots and a long sleeve turtleneck shirt. One day when my parents were going out of town Nana came to babysit my Brother and I.Her cheeky grin always made me smile and we always had so much fun together playing games and watching movies. That day we had a Star Wars movie marathon.We sat in the sunlight that flooded through the living room windows as we blazed through the Star Wars movies.When it was about midway, Nana had asked us what we wanted for dinner, that way we knew exactly what we wanted when dinner time came around.An hour later she asked us again.Another hour later she asked a third time and me being around the age of seven, thought she was being silly and messing with me. We will write a custom essay sample on Wheres Nana or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There was a slight fear in the back of my mind as the rest of the day continued.Little did I know that this was the beginning of my future living circumstance. Nana, a little later had been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease.I am writing about this struggle because Alzheimer’s is becoming more and more of a problem today.Not only is it more of an issue now, but more people are having to care for someone with this disease in their home.Looking back at all the time I spent around Nana I see that she was teaching me something new every step of the way.I was able to learn more about her life by talking to my mom as well.When Nana moved in my house, my mom took on a huge responsibility that I didn’t fully understand as a fifth grader.One thing I didn’t know for a long time is that my mom was getting paid to take care of Nana. My mom and I had gotten into many of arguments because after the disease progressed enough it was hard for me to understand why things were changing and why mom had to do things the way she did.I recently realized just how much I knew about taking care of someone with Alzheimer’s and the stages they go through.In July I went to girl’s camp for the last time.I was eating dinner outside at the picnic tables, next to a few older women.One of the women began to explain something that sounded very familiar to me.She was talking about her mother that she was taking care of and the weird things she would do. The further the conversation went I started to get anxiety. My fingers would not stop tapping and I wasn’t able to keep still.Tears began to line the rims of my eyes and I felt as if I was reliving all of my pains of my home life. I knew her mother had the beginning stages of either Alzheimer’s or Dementia.I asked her if her mother had Alzheimer’s and she said that her mother had recently been diagnosed with Dementia.I told her I knew exactly what she’s going through and was able to tell her what to expect next.I didn’t realize until after I was done speaking with this woman about what I have had experience in that I truly understood how much I knew and experienced growing up.Endurance, patience, and compassion are something you develop overtime when you are put through many challenges. When dealing with a disease as complicated and frustrating as Alzheimer’s you can’t get upset or angry because it only makes the situation worse.I remember countless times when my mom would be in tears, raising her voice at Nana because Nana wasn’t cooperating.Mom was tired and was wishing she could give up, but knowing my mother she is like a train trying to pull a load too much.I remember yelling at my mom, because I was feeling like my mom had disappeared.I had a heart that was both hard as stone and falling apart at the same time. She always had to be there with Nana.When my Nana had reached a certain stage, mom couldn’t leave the house unless my Aunt was there to take my mom’s place. I don’t know how many times I have wept and fallen asleep on my bedroom floor, feeling like my home was somewhere else.My home felt as if it were in some other reality, or left behind in a dream that whispered parts of my past in my ear.I was in high school was when my Nana’s mind really came crashing down.Most of the time I was in high school I was angry and frustrated at Nana.It sounds terrible but she had come into my life and interrupted everything and stole my mom from me.Being in our living room was stressful and I sought refuge in my room but even that didn’t work.I could still hear my mom yelling from down stairs and I could feel Nana’s presence seeping through the walls. My mom would constantly vent to me like I was some sort of therapist.I could only handle that for so long because I am an emotional sponge.It’s hard enough just going to high school.Everything seemed to revolve around Nana.I thought my life was so unfair and my patience was being tested.I felt bad for only thinking of how this affected me because I couldn’t imagine being robbed of my memory.I learned how to be more compassionate not only towards Nana but to others in pain as well. Today I am able to see Nana in a different light and see that she has given me the opportunity to become a better person.Little surprises truly have made my life a little easier to bear.After a certain stage of Alzheimer’s there are things you just don’t expect to see anymore, such as speaking or formulating full sentences.As Alzheimer’s progresses the person with Alzheimer’s becomes more and more like a child.Right now Nana’s mental state is that of an infant.About a year ago, my mom, aunt and I were all in the living room and I was asking my nana what her name was.She looked me in the eyes and said â€Å"My name is Shirley Jean. †Everyone looked at each other with wide eyes shocked about what had just come out of her mouth.We all told her that she did a good job and she got all smiley.Nana does so many little things each day that are worth celebrating and it makes my life happier to recognize them.I can now recognize the little things in my life that make me happy and it makes my life simple and full of love.Now that I am away from home I am able to see my past more clearly. I still struggle with Nana and my memories with her occasionally, but without her in my life constantly, my life would be unrecognizably different. If we all picked our battles we wouldn’t learn as much as we could, so I’m thankful that I was given this one. I wish I would have gotten to know Nana a little more before she got Alzheimer’s.It would have been nice to see who she was other than playing games and tickling me when I was little.She seems like she was quite the character or as my great uncle would say, a drama queen. I know that when she passes it won’t be easy but I know it will be a great relief for both her and our family.I’m grateful I was able to be a part of her support in taking care of her.

Crisis Intervention Plan For School Shootings Social Work Essay Example

Crisis Intervention Plan For School Shootings Social Work Essay Example Crisis Intervention Plan For School Shootings Social Work Essay Crisis Intervention Plan For School Shootings Social Work Essay School shots are one of the common events that achieved a degree of cultural symbolism and do fright within pupils, their relations, and school forces. It is non flooring that these shots are still go oning, since the beginning of the job is sophisticated. School shots promote depression and anxiousness within schools and promote the thought that schools are insecure for many pupils ; in this paper I will discourse the class of action in Virginia Tech and my function as a school psychologist during the crisis. On April 16, 2007, Virginia Tech experienced a awful and unforgettable event in the American university history. An Asiatic pupil shooting and took the lives of 32 pupils and module, staff. He left behind injured persons and people with psychological jobs, and so he killed himself. Furthermore, victim s households, friends and the university community have suffered dreadfully. As a school psychologist in Virginia Tech, I think it is really important to roll up the informations about the pupil who killed the victims in order to cognize more about the existent causes that led him to hit people and kill himself after. This will assist to cover with pupils behaviour to avoid and halt existent causes before they get more complicated. The pupil liquidator was scraggy and looked younger than his age. He did non take part in category and did non desire to talk. The professors reported that he was mentally sick and he asked him to seek guidance. I believed that it is of import to work with pupils who have same symptoms like this individual who needed an early diagnosing. I believe that mental wellness clinics receive a large figure of antisocial behaviours which is the most common upset in our day-to-day life. I think that early diagnosing of serious aggression that can be Conduct Disorder which begins as aggression in the early childhood and developed during adolescence and maturity, it is really critical to cognize about these instances in order to assist those persons since they were diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder ( ODD ) . Conduct is a upset that refers to people who deal with specific behavioural and emotional jobs during the childhood. Peoples diagnoses with this upset can non concentrate and they have a difficult clip to follow regulations. They are frequently referred as bad people or delinquent, disregarding that they mentally ill. Course of action Schools must be protected and safe topographic points for kids to analyze, nevertheless after this shooting event, a figure of pupils and their households still feel threatened and their lives in danger by armed and unsafe schoolmates. As a member of school community we need to discourse our program and how to cover with current pupils, households, professors and the other members who experienced the incident and assist them to get the better of and go on benefit from school. I believe that it is really interesting to work with survived pupils to swear us and discourse our programs to offer a safe topographic point to larn. As school staff, we need to work with parents and public safety suppliers ( local constabulary and fire sections, exigency respondents, infirmaries, etc. ) ( National Association of School Psychologists, 2006 ) The school community needs besides to heighten, and regenerate the school processs to maintain school edifice safe. Work with pupils to be able to discou rse and speak aloud if something happened that makes them experience uncomfortable, worried or scared. Teach the pupils that everybody play a large function to keep the school safety. School community demands besides to offer crisis preparation and professional development for all staff based upon demands assessment . ( NASP, 2006 ) Anger and force are increasingly more important issues to school psychologists and other professionals today. Those pedagogues faced the effects of larning jobs and societal accommodation issues. It is really important to supply monthly workshops for all pupils to place their feelings and assist them to cognize how to pull off their feelings of choler, particularly if they are taking drugs or holding mental unwellness will be helpful. It is really of import to learn and do pupils remain off from drugs and intoxicant. Added to this, being off from guns and other arms will be helpful every bit good. Teach pupils in early age that force is non a solution to manage jobs. Therefore, supply reding Sessionss to all pupils, particularly those who are fighting with anxiousness, depression, or other emotional concerns that they can non manage. William Pollack, a Harvard Medical School psychologist, stated in the incident of the Columbine taws needed aid, and what they got twenty-four hours after twenty-four hours was no 1 detecting. They were left entirely. Adolescents, even though they say they want to be entirely they truly want some sort of connexion with an grownup who understands and attentions. ( USA today, 2009 ) As a school staff, we need to work on our safety plans every bit good. We will necessitate to lock doors, provide security cameras and call systems. We need to promote and construct up the regard between staff and pupils, pupils and pupils. Respect the pupils possible and public presentation is really critical besides. The interaction between counsellors or professors and pupils is really of import to be able to acknowledge pupils feelings and alarm any serious emotional issues or mental wellness jobs. Check and connect is a good scheme to supply to school staffs in the workshops. In this attack, every twenty-four hours, one professor or more should speak about a specific pupil s instance. As the initial duty we have as school staff, we should assist people see the event in an appropriate context. We need to supply guidance and psychological interventions and we have to work with them to be able to go on their surveies and assist them to accomplish their ends as they came for the first clip and may be better. We have to work with those people who were in the event on the traumatic that may go on and they will believe about all the clip. We need to be able to assist them to bury it and get down a new personal and educational safe life. It is obvious that people who commit this sort of things and hiting normally have mental upsets such as terrible depression or other emotional jobs. Those persons normally feel unwanted and severely treated by others, they are dissatisfied in their academic public presentation and ends, and hence they go for self-destruction and shot in order to make retaliation. Furthermore, these pupils ever prepared for their programs antecedently and they talked about their intents in progress. Hopefully, we will hold clip to cognize about their programs and assist them acknowledge their feelings to be able to step in early. That is why I believe that we need to construct up assurance and communicating with pupils and advance them to inquire for aid whenever they feel that they need it. As people working in schools, the event is difficult to see, but we may be able to better command the school and in forestalling more shots. Furthermore, pupils who are under medicines for anxiousness, depression or other concerns and are presently in university, they need to be in contact with their physician, healer every bit good as their household. It may be besides appropriate for pupils who have faced a anterior traumatic event every bit good. I believed that school shot is one of the biggest issues that need more than a individual solution ; hapless parenting and early designation are large footings to believe about covering with such incidents. Most shots in schools occurred chiefly because of retaliation against society. Specific people such as parents, friends, and roomies know how to assist professionals to decrease specific psychological results of a traumatic incident by utilizing observation as a method to watch pupils who are at greater hazard and help straight. Awareness of the issues that can take to cruel psychological hurt may help grownups to distinguish those pupils who need mental wellness aid. As school community, we should be after hand in glove to contrive a safety within schools to diminish force by using assorted attacks in order to run into each school s demands. For an effectual consequence, it is helpful to include the undermentioned constituents such as doing school-community safety partnerships, set uping comprehensive school crisis response programs ( NASP, 2006 ) As a class of action, schools should adopted new Torahs and schemes to get by with this new manner of demoing such barbarous aggression in instructional constitutions, such as prohibiting violent behaviours by publishing a disciplinary regulations and penalties against persons who are trying to be involved in aggressive behaviours in schools scenes. Besides, schools need besides to offer a proper and effectual guidance therapy for people who still under the daze of a shooting incident and assist them to get the better of the crisis clip. Equally far as community is concerned, it should be a precedence to protect pupils who experience aggressive events and do them recover assurance to prosecute their academic and emotional life. Bettering schoolroom environment is besides presented in our school program by backing such a positive school subject School clime is a comparatively abiding quality of the full school that is experienced by members, describes their corporate perceptual experiences of everyday behaviour, and affects their attitudes and behaviour in the school ( Camilla A ; Sandra, 2007 ) . Our plan battles racism and intolerance and implements schemes to accept people from different civilizations ; in school plan, the community promotes audience, appropriate societal accomplishments, lifting security in schools, and use disciplinary method to penalize persons who did non esteem the school policy. Using bar plans for all pupils is one of the critical schemes we have in our plan like speaking about the federal jurisprudence. Basically, we besides implement some specific intercessions in order to back up pupils positive emotional development and educate them to use non-violent methods to decode their personal concerns. Support pupils who show early marks of misdemeanor behaviours at schools and promoting equal relationship by using communicating and mediation plans to decide struggles. School-based mental wellness services are really wanted late. As school community, join forcesing with parents and policy shapers we should size up issues that can account for events in which a slaughter happened in the constitution scene in order to help pupils to carry through their purposes in schools and assist them to place their personal and societal issues. During the crisis, as member of school community, we were looking for manners in order to halt these events to re-happen. School Psychologists national association ( NASP ) squad stated that, Crisis has been often recognized as a clip of possible danger every bit good as possible opportunity.aˆÂ ¦ If our profession is able to pull off the danger that is, pull off the immediate crisis and rapidly return the system to normal working so there exists a enormous chance to excite long-run systemic alteration. Once seen as effectual and believable, the psychologist has boundlessly more chance to travel the system in the way of bar ( Kathy, 2008 ) . School psychologists can be a terrific beginning to the institutional community in the betterment of efficient mental wellness services to discourse pupils and households demands. It is besides cardinal that school psychologists become really of import and positive persons in backing their undertaking as mental wellness service suppliers and plans in schools. My function as a school psychologist As a school psychologist, I need to be able to place pupil in demand for excess aid and assistance in acknowledging proper referral beginnings in the community. I would besides utilize the psychological triage as a technique to set up the crisis intercession remedy. The usage of this attack is peculiarly important when the psychological injury victim surpasses the figure of available people who can step in. Harmonizing to National Association of School Psychologists ( NASP ) , there are assorted things that we can make as people working in schools that may see that schools are unafraid topographic points for pupils and heighten the comfort degree of persons such as inform parents by the school safety policies and catastrophe turning away attempts. As a school psychologist, I need to be active within schools, communicate with pupils and their parents. I need besides to see schoolrooms often. Work on pupils behaviour and assist school community to learn pupils the appropriate and expected behaviours, provide intercessions and supports. Talk and do a nexus with community co-workers to measure exigency response programs and discourse the demands that may be noticeable to the current crisis. Highlight force bar plans and course of study presently being taught in schools and stress the attempts of the school to learn pupils options to violence including peaceable struggle declaration and po sitive interpersonal relationship accomplishments. Cite specific illustrations such as Second Step Violence Prevention, bully proofing, or other positive intercessions and behavioural supports ( NASP, 2006 ) . My function as school psychologist as good is to forestall those persons who homicide others and self-destruction. An article by NASP stated that society demands to ease closer dealingss as a replacing of watching telecasting and utilizing computing machines in the remainder of the eventides, visit friends, schoolmates, and neighbours, walk you dog or go for field day will assist to halt slayings to recognize their programs and offenses. As a class of action, we should work on the relationship between pupils, their professors, and other school workers ( NASP, 2006 ) My function as a school psychologist besides is to analyze the psychological upsets of pupils who appeared to be at hazard such as those persons who may hold post traumatic emphasis syndrome, depression, Schizophrenia, and other mental wellness jobs. It is really important to early diagnosing those people with the old upsets in order to be able to step in and assist them to populate normal people and act responsively. My occupation as a member of the community is to be cognizant of some people who refuse to speak about their experience in the yesteryear and conceal their traumatic events. In this point, I need to be able to assist subsisters of this atrocious crisis to speak about it and help them to be able to place and discourse their feelings from it. I need to be able to help those people by utilizing psychotherapy Sessionss and advanced techniques. As a school psychologist, I can be trusted to assist with delicate personal and household state of affairss that interfere with schooling. I can besides assist forestall future jobs when I intervene with larning jobs early on, and I can besides acknowledge that alterations in the school environment and at place can better the quality of life for kids and their families.A For most victims, cognitive-behavioral therapy is the best intervention that I can utilize in order to alter distorted and perchance harmful perceptual experiences of post-traumati c emphasis, terrible anxiousness, depression, pleasant mental imagination, and relaxation techniques. Other guidance and therapy techniques may assist those people achieve a good perceptive of the unwellness and the factors that protect against it. There are besides stress vaccination preparation and visual image techniques that can be used as intervention to assist those victims in our school scene. All these interventions need to be taught to subsisters in order to pattern it on their ain. I need besides to portion with them my feelings, experience, and marks to assist diminishing feelings of fright and weakness. In footings of intercession, as a school psychologist I should work and confer with with instructors in order to take, implement, and measure intercessions that best work for the different demands of different students.A As expert I need to be able to learn pupils, instructors, parents, and other professionals problem-solving schemes to turn to issues related to pupils academic, behavioural, and psychological jobs after the incident. I need besides to be able to help instructors, parents, and other professionals use experimental determination devising to better pupil and systemic results. Besides, I have to assist instructors understand the alone demands of pupils, particularly those diagnosing with mental wellness jobs. It is really of import to confer with with those persons physicians and counsellor every bit good in order to maintain in truck, cognize more about their current state of affairss, and assist them to let go of their strivings. NASP promotes that school psychologi sts to take a leading function in developing comprehensive attacks to violence decrease and crisis response in schools ( NASP, 2006 ) . Since school psychologists are capable to affect in the whole school personals in heightening and using positive behavioural intercessions that support social-emotional development of pupils. School psychologists are besides of import members who are skilled by utilizing and implementing different intercession schemes that may diminish violent behaviours within school scenes and with different pupils. As a school psychologist, I can discourse with other school members the execution of societal accomplishments activities and other techniques used in order to educate pupils how to work out their personal issues. My other function is to offer audience procedure to advance schools form catastrophe planning squads. As portion of the rating plan, I need to cut down aggression activities among pupils and assist those who were showing during the incident p hysically, psychologically, and societal privacy. Equally far as my function, I will assist school to response to this exigency instance. As a school psychological science, my function besides is to be good cognizant of the advantage of the early intercession and bar attempts. Traditional crisis health professionals include exigency response professionals, mental wellness suppliers, medical professionals, victim aid counsellors, and religion leaders ( NASP, 2003 ) those professionals are all good skilled to manage different instances and to assist sick persons to pull off their life and manage their jobs. Teachers and decision makers are the most people who interact with our pupils ; nevertheless some of them did non acquire any preparation to offer mental wellness services and intercession. As a school psychologist, I think that will be really helpful to supply preparations and assist those professionals to be able to step in. These functions of school psychologists are really critical elements as programs of school safety. To vouch that school psychologists are good trained to offer leading in school force bar. NASP helped school psychologists to acquire the necessary comprehension and accomplishments to use aggression bar and the crisis in schools during their plans and through their life experiences. Drumhead Very serious violent jobs occur in school scenes and have sophisticated causes, unknown beginnings and valuable effects. Besides, battles, sexual torment, and strong-arming that occur every twenty-four hours in all school constitutions in the universe. We started to see shots people at schools and self-destruction. These affected the schools environments, safety, and made many pupils, relations and school staffs to undergo dreadfully. Therefore, the attempts to diminish aggression at school scenes need to be multi-faceted. School scenes are trusted to protect kids and maintain them procure during the school twenty-four hours. Teachers, principals, and all school staff do large attempts to maintain pupils safe and off from any danger. Many pupils trust schools and they feel happy and comfort in the school staffs who save them from injuries and protect them. There are assorted instances and immense figure of shoots and self-destruction in school scenes, hence schools and professionals community need to fix in order to hold a minimal amendss and handle crises, in order to maintain pupils and staff out of injury and able to larn and learn. In my sentiment, I think that a successful and effectual plan will vouch the safety of all pupils and school staff. It is important to make plans that lead to halt and cut down aggression and reacting quickly and expeditiously whenever force happens. Aggression lessening programs have to besides impact on all pupil approaches to violence, educate them and school workers to be able to work out their accomplishments in an effectual away, and assist the school to do an environment that encourages credence and tolerance between pupils and staff. School safety plans are really efficient when we involved other groups of force bar attempts such as local jurisprudence enforcement, juvenile probation, public wellness forces, and other parent and community groups ( NASP, 2006 ) This will assist to cut down aggression and choler among pupils in order to guarantee life of all kids and young person and improved their public presentation to accomplish their end. I believe that all households, friends, and school staff have the duty in this slaughter, by disregarding the slaying mental wellness history and allow him populate in the campus as a normal pupil. The safety group of the campus has besides a large duty and failed to step in in the appropriate clip to halt the killing show was go oning. The uncontrolled guns are large issues as good that led to kill those guiltless pupils easy. All school psychologists have the duty to give custodies to educational establishments and affect in the methodical group construction and job work o uting procedure. They have the duty to analysis the informations and identify pupils jobs. All these programs should be discussed in nonsubjective informations of school databases. Typically my function as a school psychologist is that I can non do diagnosing, but I can supply informations by utilizing assorted figure of appraisals tools like making observations, interviews, and confer withing with parents and other professionals. There are really large Numberss of intercessions that can be used by school psychologists to help those persons in order to grok their ends and seek be able to cover with it.

29 Great Colleges for B Students and How to Get In

29 Great Colleges for B Students and How to Get In SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Generally, the better your grades, the more college options you'll have. However, some students are under the false impression that you need straight As in order to get into a wonderful college. Students stress and worry that a few Bs will sentence them to an inferior university. Fortunately, getting Bs won't prevent you from being able to go to a good school. There are a number of excellent colleges that admit B students. I'll provide a list of 29 of the best colleges for B students and explain how to find a good college if you're a B student. Are You a B Student? You Can Still Go to a Great College If you’re at the end of your junior year or the beginning of your senior year and you have mostly Bs on your transcript, don't freak out: you can still gain admission to an excellent college. Since super selective colleges will likely be a big reach for you, you might want to set your sights on quality schools that are significantly less selective. For example, Stanford only admits around 5% of its applicants, and its average admitted student has a high school GPA of 3.95/4.00. By contrast, the University of Michigan has an acceptance rate of 28%, and the average admitted student here has a GPA of 3.83/4.00. As a B student, you might have trouble getting into schools in the top 50 on the US News and Forbes rankings lists; however, you might have a decent chance of getting into a school in the top 100. Considering there are almost 3,000 four-year colleges, the #100 college is still better than over 99% of colleges in the US. For instance, according to our admissions calculator for Indiana University Bloomington, a student with a 3.2 GPA and a 29 ACT composite score would have about a 62% chance of getting accepted. Indiana University is currently ranked #89 by US News. How Much Do Your Grades Matter for College Applications? It should go without saying that your grades are a huge factor in determining your college options. In fact, grades are one of the most important factors colleges use when deciding whether to admit you. According to a 2017 study on the state of college admission conducted by the National Association for College Admission Counseling (NACAC), 77% of colleges believe that overall GPA and grades in college prep courses are considerably important admission factors. Meanwhile, test scores from the ACT, SAT, etc., are deemed considerably important by just 54% of colleges surveyed. This indicates that grades are by far one of the most important factors in college admission. It's not just grades that mean something, though; colleges also want to see that you're challenging yourself with difficult courses. According to the NACAC study, 87% of colleges deem the rigor of a student's course load at least moderately important. In other words, just getting good grades isn't enough- you also need to get good grades in tough classes. Although you can still get into a great college as a B student, if you have any extra time before your college applications are due, I recommend using it to try to improve your grades. Not All B Students Are Created Equal Colleges take many factors into account when determining admissions, including grades, classes, standardized test scores, extracurriculars, recommendations, and the personal statement. All else being equal, a student who got all Bs in regular classes is going to be much less qualified than a student who got all B+'s in mostly honors and AP classes. Generally, this is reflected in your weighted GPA, which weighs harder courses more heavily than regular classes. So in this example, the student with straight Bs would receive a 3.0 GPA, and the student with straight B+’s (assuming she took four honors classes out of six total classes) would get a 3.97 GPA. That said, you can compensate for lower grades by excelling in other areas. For example, if you had a 3.4 weighted GPA and a 33 ACT score, you’d probably be able to get into much more selective schools than would a student who has the same GPA as you and a 27 ACT score. Also, you might be able to make up for lower grades if you exhibit exceptional achievement in your extracurriculars. If you're an Olympic-level athlete or a successful entrepreneur, you might be able to gain admission into the most selective colleges- even with some Bs on your transcript. Overall, if you’re a B student but want to get into highly selective colleges, focus on ensuring that all other components of your college applications are as strong as possible. If you go to the Olympics, you can get into a good school with lower grades. How Did I Create This List of Colleges for B Students? I compiled this list of great schools for B students by looking at various ranking lists, including US News, Forbes, and Niche. I gave extra weight to the US News rankings because they’re the most referenced and prestigious of the college rankings. I considered a college accessible to B students if its average GPA for admitted applicants was less than a 3.75. If you've got a weighted GPA in the range of 3.30-3.80, all the schools below could be reach, target, or even safety schools for you. If your weighted GPA is less than 3.30, you might also want to take a look at the best colleges for students with a low GPA. By no means does this list contain all the great colleges for B students. Ultimately, I tried to come up with a diverse list that included colleges from all regions and of all types, including large public universities and small liberal arts colleges. List of the Best Colleges for B Students Below, we introduce our list of great colleges for B students. I categorized all the schools by region: West, Midwest, Northeast, and South. For each school, I listed its location, US News ranking, average GPA, average SAT score, average ACT score, and acceptance rate. Keep in mind that US News separates its school rankings into four categories: National Universities, National Liberal Arts Colleges, Regional Universities, and Regional Colleges. Most of the schools on our list are National Universities and National Liberal Arts Colleges; no Regional Colleges made the list. For all regions, the listed US News ranking is for National Universities unless otherwise noted. Lastly, here are the ranges for GPA and other items on our list: Average GPA: 3.33 to 3.83 Average SAT Score: 90 to 1340 Average ACT Score: 25 to 30 Acceptance Rate: 34% to 81% West School Location US News Ranking Average GPA Average SAT Average ACT Acceptance Rate Loyola Marymount University Los Angeles, CA #3 Regional Universities West 3.75 1270 28 54% Pepperdine University Malibu, CA #46 3.64 1300 28 39% San Diego State University San Diego, CA #127 3.7 90 25 35% University of Colorado, Boulder Boulder, CO #96 3.62 1250 27 80% University of Oregon Eugene, OR #102 3.55 80 25 83% University of the Pacific Stockton, CA #106 3.52 1200 26 65% University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT #9 3.61 1220 25 66% Pepperdine is pretty. (CampusGrotto/Flickr) Midwest School Location US News Ranking Average GPA Average SAT Average ACT Acceptance Rate Beloit College Beloit, WI #68 National Liberal Arts Colleges 3.29 1200 27 54% Creighton University Omaha, NE #1 Regional Universities Midwest 3.79 80 27 72% College of Wooster Wooster, OH #67 National Liberal Arts Colleges 3.68 1270 27 56% Indiana University Bloomington Bloomington, IN #90 3.72 1250 28 76% Michigan State University East Lansing, MI #85 3.71 1200 26 71% Purdue University West Lafayette, IN #56 3.75 1280 29 57% University of Iowa Iowa City, IA #89 3.63 1240 26 81% Wabash College Crawfordsville, IN #56 National Liberal Arts Colleges 3.65 70 25 63% College of Wooster Kauke Hall (Maitri/Flickr) Northeast School Location US News Ranking Average GPA Average SAT Average ACT Acceptance Rate Clark University Worcester, MA #66 3.63 1310 29 55% Fordham University New York, NY #70 3.65 1320 29 46% Providence College Providence, RI #2 Regional Universities North 3.43 1240 28 52% Rutgers University Piscataway, NJ #56 3.73 1300 28 58% St. Lawrence University Canton, NY #56 National Liberal Arts Colleges 3.56 1300 28 48% Syracuse University Syracuse, NY #53 3.63 1260 28 47% University of Delaware Newark, DE #89 3.71 1240 27 65% University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA #70 3.89 1270 28 58% Purnell Hall at the University of Delaware (Mathieu Plourde/Flickr) South School Location US News Ranking Average GPA Average SAT Average ACT Acceptance Rate Auburn University Auburn, AL #5 3.86 1230 27 84% Baylor University Waco, TX #78 3.68 1280 28 39% Furman University Greenville, SC #51 National Liberal Arts Colleges 3.7 1290 29 61% Rollins College Winter Park, FL #2 Regional Universities South 3.3 1270 27 64% Sewanee: University of the South Sewanee, TN #49 National Liberal Arts Colleges 3.73 1290 28 47% Texas Christian University Fort Worth, TX #80 3.6 1230 28 41% Samford Hall at Auburn University (Jason Coleman/Flickr) How Should You Use This List of Colleges for B Students? If you’re a B student looking for a great college, be sure to research any of the colleges on this list that interest you. Use the school websites, finders, guidebooks, and ranking lists to guide your research. You can also go on college visits to truly get a feel for some of these schools and determine whether they might be a good fit for you. Furthermore, I advise you to consult with teachers, counselors, parents, current students, and alumni to get more information and to further narrow your college search. How to Find Other Great Colleges for B Students: 2 Resources There are plenty of excellent schools for B students that didn’t make the list above. Here are a few different ways to identify other colleges that might work for you. #1: College Finders On Big Future, you can’t search for colleges by average GPA, but you can search for colleges by SAT/ACT score and selectivity. Because most good colleges for B students have an average SAT score of around 1200 and an average ACT score of around 27, you can look for colleges that match that criteria. These colleges range from very selective (25-50% of applicants admitted) to less selective (more than 75% of applicants admitted). You can select additional search filters to help find schools that better fit what you want in a college. With the website College View, you can enter your SAT/ACT score and unweighted GPA in your college search. #2: PrepScholar Database Our PrepScholar database contains profiles for every college. A school's profile lists its acceptance rate, average GPA, and average standardized test scores. We also have an admissions calculator on every school profile so you can roughly determine your odds of admission based on your GPA and SAT/ACT test scores. To find a school's profile, search for "[School Name] PrepScholar admissions" on Google. Another great feature is located at the bottom of each school's profile page. There, you'll see three lists: schools that are harder to get into, schools that are equally hard to get into, and schools that are easier to get into. I suggest looking up the profiles of the schools on our list above to find other schools that are about as selective and to get even more good colleges for B students. For instance, on our PrepScholar page for Syracuse University, Boston University and UT Dallas are listed as harder to get into, Penn State and Hofstra are listed as equally hard to get into, and Ohio University and Quinnipiac are listed as easier to get into. You can use these lists to identify other schools that might interest you. These are schools that are listed as "equally hard to get into" on Syracuse's profile. How to Improve Your Chances of Admission Even as a B student, there are a number of ways you can improve your odds of getting into your dream school; this depends on where you are in the college application process. Here are some examples of things you can do to improve your application: Follow an SAT or ACT study plan and give yourself time to take the test a second or even third time if your scores aren't up to par Come up with a compelling essay topic for your personal statement Spend the summer before your senior year doing something incredibly interesting, such as traveling abroad or volunteering Remember that colleges consider a multitude of factors when evaluating your application. By strengthening any of these components, you can increase your odds of being accepted! What's Next? Is it really important for you to attend a top-tier school? Find out if it really matters where you go to college. Do you want to go to a college in the Midwest or the South? Then check out my lists of the best colleges in the Midwest and the South. Are you looking for a traditional college experience in a fun setting? Learn about the 23 best college towns. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Slave Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Slave Trade - Essay Example This paper discusses that while John Barbot account is from an active participant in slavery Mary Prince account is that of a victim of slavery. John Barbot played an active role in slave trade as he was an employee of the French slave trading company in the 1670s and 1680s, the slavery activities of this company were mainly based in West Africa; a region which by then was one of the major French colonies. His account is based on the experiences during the business encounters in which goods were exchanged for human beings, and he notes most of those sold by blacks were mainly prisoners of war. These were mainly captives during various war encounters or those held hostage when a given community raids its enemy community.  This study declares that  intended objects of were often tricked to transport goods to the slave and without their notice; they were sold and held captive. Barbot recalls a story narrated to him of a father who had supposedly tricked his son to sell him but since the son was able to understand the conversation later on conspired with the slave trader and convinced him his father was his slave and as a result the father was held captive.  John Barbot account underscores the absoluteness nature of kings that any suspicion of threat from his subjects resulted to them being sold out as slaves, whereby a typical example of a priest who was sold to Barbot following a king orders being given. Kings were always above everyone in the society and their word was final.... Barbot recalls a story narrated to him of a father who had supposedly tricked his son to sell him but since the son was able to understand the conversation later on conspired with the slave trader and convinced him his father was his slave and as a result the father was held captive. However, the son was met by black slave traders on his way home, the goods he had received from the sale of his father were taken and he was also sold as a slave. John Barbot account underscores the absoluteness nature of kings that any suspicion of threat from his subjects resulted to them being sold out as slaves, whereby a typical example of a priest who was sold to Barbot following a king orders being given. Kings were always above everyone in the society and their word was final. They even had responsibilities to organising raids in neighbouring communities with intentions of capturing slaves for sale. In the account it is also revealed that young children of both sexes are also sold by their neighb ours (Stearns 181). These children were usually captured and sold at certain times of the year when they would be sent at strategic positions by parents to scare the birds that came to damage crops. In addition, in order to avoid starvation during times of famine people also sold so as to get the necessary maintenance, thus, the business of slave trade business is largely associated with kings, very rich in the society as well as blacks. Mary prince commences her account on slavery by revisiting her childhood familiarities and later on embarks on her slavery involvements in the West Indies. While John Barbot’s slavery account is focused on West African slave trade, Mary

Why Environmental & Ecological Engineering is important Essay

Why Environmental & Ecological Engineering is important - Essay Example In addition to developing avenues toward safe exploitation of natural resources, the branch of engineering is also important because of its role in disaster prevention and management. Through ensuring preservation of ecosystems, the engineering fosters natural mechanisms for controlling factors towards disasters. It also develops strategies for appropriate management of disasters for minimal impacts (Prevention 1, 2). Environmental and ecological engineering is also important in ensuring people’s health. Evaluation and development of environmental constructs are particular instrumental in controlling diseases that can be communicated through natural media such as air and water. An understanding of the media and factors towards diseases’ transmittal therefore facilitates development of strategies for preventing diseases such as those associated with Bioarosol (Jordan, Donald, Tiina and Jane 4631). Environmental and Ecological Engineering is therefore important because it develops strategies for preserving ecosystems, prevention and management of disasters, and promoting people’s well being through prevention of communicable diseases. Jordan, Peccia, Donald, Milton, Tiina, Reponen, and Jane, Hill. A rolefor environmental engineering and science in preventing bioaerosol-related disease. Environmental Science and Technology 42.13 (2008): 4631-4637. Print. Minnesota. â€Å"Environmental and ecological engineering.† University of Minnesota. November 9, 2012. Web. December 3, 2012. . Prevention. â€Å"The role of environmental management and eco-engineering in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation.† August, 2008. Web. December 3, 2012.

The Foundation Of Cadbury Limited Marketing Essay

The Foundation Of Cadbury Limited Marketing Essay Cadbury dairy milk is the product of Cadbury which got launched in 1905. It is a great success for Cadbury industry .In the beginning the product is produced by keeping in mind the customer satisfaction for the product which should match the regional selection criteria and it should fulfil the need and demand and customer expectations. Cadbury also introduced chocolate in tins with unique pictures and paintings on each box, which started fascinating the customers. As an international brand Cadbury Dairy Milk carries the same distinctive image all over the world. Wherever you buy a bar of Cadbury Dairy Milk the pack design will be exactly the same, only the language will be different. The famous slogan glass and a half of full cream milk in every half pound with the picture of milk filling into the chocolate bar, is the one of the best British advertising. Cadbury Dairy Milk was a great success as it has capture almost a great number of the market share but soon after some time Dairy Milk start to go down after the entrance of other brands in the market like Nestle, Mars, Hershey which bring down the market share of Cadbury Dairy Milk. Cadbury company was started by an individual person in 1824 name John Cadbury; in Birmingham he laid the foundation of Cadbury Limited. Now Cadbury is the world largest producer of chocolates in the world. Till 1831 the business of the company got changed from a grocery shop to a manufacture of drinking chocolate and coca and till present its going like the same. Dairy Milk is a popular brand of chocolate bar of Cadbury in United Kingdom and in the whole world. It was traduced in 1905 and its comes in a large number of varieties which includes Fruit Nut, Whole Nut, and original Dairy Milk .It comes in different package sizes to suits to the customer needs and demand. Cadbury Plc was founded in1824 by John Cadbury a young Quaker. He first opened a small grocers shop in Birmingham making chocolates on a small scale, with coca and drinking chocolate on the side. Then in 1831 John decided to start manufacturing on a commercial scale, and he bought a warehouse in nearby Crooked Lane. In 1847 John joined his brother Benjamin into the partnership and the name of the firm was changed to Cadbury Brothers. The business was getting popular then both the brothers moved the business to new factories in Bridge Street , but in 1855 after the death of John`s wife and his illness the combined business of both brothers John and Benjamin come to an end with mutual consent and then John transferred all the right to his sons Richard and George. 1861 1900 John Cadbury retired from his business and his sons Richard and George took over the company. As Richard had already joined his father business in 1850 but in 1861 with the partnership of his brother George who was only 25 at that time. Richard started to look after sales and marketing side which was not in good shape. He once said that if business ever made a profit of thousand he will take retirement. Richard was also a talented artist and in 1868 he founded the way of increasing the appeal of chocolate boxes by decorating its lid with pictures some of them are of his own creation, soon after some time he died unexpectedly from diphtheria in 1899. George son of John Cadbury joined Cadbury Brothers in 1856 and became partner in the business with his brother Richard in 1861. The first few years were extremely hard and the brothers worked very hard in order to establish the business. He looked after production and buying and he is also responsible for finding the companys new site, Bournville, he also planned the factory layout himself. Because of his trip to Holland where he bought innovative new coca press, in 1886 Cadbury launched Cocoa Essence, the first unadulterated cocoa in UK. In 1901 he gave the site to Bournville Village Trust. He did many good will works for his employees like setting up education facilities, opened work committees for both men and women and also donated Lickey Hills Country Park to the people of Birmingham. George remained Chairman of Cadbury Bros until his death in 1922. William Cadbury son of Richard Cadbury joined in 1887. He was mainly engaged in engineering, maintenance and new machinery. In 1889 he became managing director, then he gave up his engineering duties and took up charge of sales and buying. He setup the Mens Pension Fund in 1906 and a separate fund for women in 1911 and is also responsible for Cadbury pulling out of the purchase of cocoa from Sao Thome and Principe after evidence of slavery, and for the development of the Ghana cocoa trade. The first proper Cadbury logo of a cocoa tree was commissioned by him in 1905 from the French designer Georges Auriol and also the famous Cadbury signature logo is based on his signature. He became the Chairman of Cadbury Brothers Ltd in 1922 after the death of his uncle and held this position until his retirement in 1937. Elizabeth, Georges second wife is best known for her welfare work. The list of her good will work is endless like she and George in 1909 opened the Woodlands Hospital in North field. She died in 1951. Edward Cadbury son of George and Mary, joined Cadbury Bros in 1893. He was appointed as a Managing Director in 1899 and given two specific duties: to expand exports and to organize the women employees at Bournville, who formed the main part of the labour force. He was responsible for the Export Department from 1899 to 1927 and for the Womens Department from 1899 to 1919. He was made responsible for pricing in 1903 and set up the Costing, Statistical and Planning Departments over the next few years. He was also interested in education and founded the Selly Oak colleges in Bournville, as well as writing books on management and organisation. He was also in charge of the Accountants Department, a member of the Finance Committee and was responsible for the Advertising Department during the inter-war years. Edward was appointed Chairman of the British Cocoa Chocolate Company in 1932 and in 1937 succeeded William as Chairman of Cadbury Bros Ltd. He retained both chairmanships until he reti red in 1943. George Jnr, son of George and Mary joined Cadbury Brothers in 1898. The following year his uncle Richard unexpectedly died. His father George Snr set up a new limited company with himself as chairman and four managing directors: Richards sons Barrow and William and his own sons Edward and George. So George became a managing director at the age of just 21 and was responsible for the technical and scientific side of the business. Georges greatest contribution was the perfection of milk chocolate and he led the development and launch of Cadbury Dairy Milk in 1905. He was also responsible for setting up Cadburys milk factories and transport department. He retired in 1943. 1900 Present Laurence, father of Adrian and Dominic and son of George and Elizabeth joined Cadbury Brothers in 1911 and was the first graduate member of the family to work at Bournville. Cadbury Company builds a village for its employees. He was appointed to the Board of Directors in 1918 with a wide range of responsibilities including engineering and production. He was appointed Director of the British Cocoa Chocolate Company (BCCC) in 1921. Becoming Chairman of Cadbury Brothers and Chairman of BCCC in 1944, he held both posts until he retired in 1959. Dorothy, daughter of Barrow Cadbury and granddaughter of Richard Cadbury, joined the business in 1917. She worked in numerous departments and served on several of the main committees. She retired in 1952. Sir Adrian, eldest son of Laurence Cadbury was appointed as Director in 1958. In 1965 he became Chairman of the British Cocoa Chocolate Company. 1969 saw him taking up the position of Deputy Chairman and Managing Director of Cadbury Schweppes, and he became Chairman of Cadbury Schweppes in 1974. He retired in 1989. Son of Laurence Cadbury and brother of Sir Adrian Cadbury, Sir Dominic was appointed director in the late 1960s. He joined the Cadbury Schweppes board in 1974. His subsequent positions have been: 1975-1978: Managing Director, Cadbury Foods Division, 1978-1980: Chief Operating Officer, Cadbury Schweppes, North America; 1980-1983: Managing Director, Cadbury Schweppes; 1983-1993: Group Chief Executive, Cadbury Schweppes; and 1993-2000 Chairman, Cadbury Schweppes. Now retired from the Cadbury business. Appointed Trustee in 1994 and Chairman of the Trust since 1996, Roger was previously a director of various companies. He chairs the Trusts Estate Management Scheme Committee and is a member of the Agricultural Estates Committee. He is currently Chairman of Warwick Independent Schools Foundation, Warwickshire Wildlife Trust, and Croft Trust of Adult Education, as well as serving as Trustee of a range of charities. 2. Situation Analysis Cadbury Dairy milk was launched by Schweppes which was the largest food and Beverage cooperation headquartered in the U.S .The Kraft Inc take over Cadbury in 2010 which is the British Confectionary company, the industry`s second-largest globally. The new product is launched globally. 3. SWOT Analysis Cadbury first started its business in 1831 by John Cadbury. Its brings change in cocoa processing from the year 1866 onwards. The company got combined with Schweppes in 1969.Currently this company is employing approximately about 43000 people in all f the world. Today, Cadbury Schweppes is the world`s fourth biggest supplier of chocolate sugar Confectionary. One of its product, Dairy Milk was introduced in 1905 and has become the most successful moulded chocolate in UK history and the basic ingredient for many other Cadbury products 95years later, Dairy Milk is one of the worlds favourite Chocolate brand name sand company`s leading chocolate bar by revenue. 3.1 Aim: It was important to investigate on both forces internal and external environmental for the Dairy Milk in France. Significant organizational and industrial information is required for the development of the SWOT analysis. The main purpose of analysis of the environment and consideration of the situational factor when designing, marketing, planning, is critical as it would allow Dairy Milk to capitalize on organizational strengths, minimize any weakness, exploit market opportunities and avoid any threats. 3.2 Strengths: Cadbury would realize several possible advantages in going abroad. By penetrating a foreign market the company could: Maintain a stable growth of a company by maximizing the use of its production capacity and thus increase economies of scale and scope. With its brand name, Cadbury could counterattack the competitors it faces in the domestic market by attacking their domestic market. Keep up with the financial strength by increasing its sales and profit, indeed the foreign market could present higher profit opportunities than the domestic product. Acquisition rules in UK, reduce its dependence on the UK market and therefore diversify its market specific risk. Overall, Cadbury has been successful through the new products (development) it has to offer. 3.3 Weaknesses: Generally Cadbury has a weak position in the market. Thus, need to change its target to a different location. Cadbury distribution network is weak and has a small market share altogether so if they want to market there product in France successfully, Cadbury has to do its best to get great performance. They can also look towards those situation by them they can get success. Cadbury can market its products by keeping in mind the issue: France production of Chocolate bars and confectionary has increased by 24.5percent between 1988 and 1991 but now it has slowed down because of economic slump. Consumption of Chocolate products which got a rise till 1991 got a hold in 1992, due to the fall in demand because of gloomy economic conditions. Chocolate bars which were selling at 24 per cent of the total volume of chocolate bar have decreased to only 3.7 per cent. 3.4 Opportunities: Cadbury has to built variable position in his confectionary line in the market through his organic product growth. Besides that Cadbury can expand his opportunities to the markets based in Russia and China. Cadbury is also selling its products on internet which is also their popularity side which includes free chocolates. Some of the opportunities are as follows: France is the fourth largest Gross Domestic Product in the whole world. It is first world advanced market economy. Although the recession didnt did wrong with the country economy. 3.5 Threats As a confectionary product maker it is important for Cadbury to aware of its upcoming threats. Company should always check the buying behaviour of consumer buying trend. It is perceived that consumers. There is a possibility for the consumers to shift from chocolates to Healthy food or snacks. If this has happen it could cause Cadbury`s name to fall down. Cadbury prices are competitive from his competitors like Mars, Nestle, and Hershey. Seasonal sales slumps the chocolate market every year which affect the price of raw material that is needed to make the products. If Cadbury is entering in world it has to be aware of the risks involved in it. By not understanding foreign customers preferences and failing to achieving their expectations. By not understanding the business culture. 3.6 Conclusion In process of getting high and peak position. The company has to keep stressed on the global growth of the product. It can be a risk to market it in the region France, 4. Objective Setting Cadbury has set some objective related to Dairy Milk for its marketing and advertisement which are main factor for its product promotion and profit making which are as follows. To maintain the quality standards of its products. Enhance sales to gain more profits Packaging should be of good and hygienically passed quality To reach in every part of the world To give more and more benifits to the customers by by giving them promotions and free take aways. 5. Company Profile 1824 Aged 22, John Cadbury, a young Quaker, opens a small grocers shop in Birmingham- making chocolate on the sideline. 1847 John Cadbury moves his business to a larger factory, as his company becomes The Cadbury Brothers- his brother Benjamin joining him. 1861 John Cadbury retires and sons Richard and George take over the company. 1879 Cadbury Chocolate Company moves to Bournville. Over the next ten years the number of employees grows to 1,200. 1893 Cadbury Company builds a village for its employees. 1920s The Cadbury script logo is first used. 5.1 Company mission Cadbury Main statement is Cadbury means Quality and this is their promise and reputation to built quality products and continues its promise delivered to customers. Cadbury Has established its company as a fairness and integrity which proves that Cadbury is a socially responsible company. 6. Marketing objectives For achieving increase in sales Cadbury undertakes a number of marketing activities to encourage the sale of its products .Cadbury has set some objectives to maximize its sale and gain more profits. There are some basic aims that Cadbury has define in his corporation are as follows. 6.1 Survival For survival Cadbury keep its product quality up to a specific standard and prices to that level that could compete with other competitors. 6.2 Profit maximisation Profit maximization which is often taken to be the reason why firms exists and to be the primary objectives in practices most firms have a hierarchy of objectives when a firms survival is threaten it may profit maximise in order to restore its financial health. 6.3 Growth Which includes Cadbury selling new products or expanding overseas. 6.4 Diversification This is the spreading of business risks by reducing dependence on one product. 6.5 Sales Increase It is the main key factor of sales by which company gains more profits and generates revenues. 6.6 Improving the product image Its includes creating a new logo or launching a new brand of product and creating more attractive packaging.   For example, Cadbury has made to important key points for the development of their chocolate. These were: 1. To grow the market for chocolate confectionery 2. To increase Cadburys share of the snacking sector In the time of launching Cadbury they thought that any new product can make a big difference creating unique selling proposition (USP) i.e. a product with unique appeal which is not present in any other competitors product. Cadbury has wasted a lot of money on testing and combination of various ingredients and more than 250 recipes were combined together before finalizing the final chocolate recipe. As Cadbury produced products they first test them that can the consumers can buy Cadbury products or not. Promotion is a key factor of any product launching and Cadbury done this in various ways which include the following ways newspapers, magazines, television and radio etc. 7. Tactical application Marketing professionals and specialist use many tactics to attract and retain their customers. These activities comprise of different concepts, the most important one being the marketing mix. There are two concepts for marketing mix: 4P and 7P. It is essential to balance the 4Ps or the 7Ps of the marketing mix. The concept of 4Ps has been long used for the product industry while the latter has emerged as a successful proposition for the services industry. The 7Ps are described below. 7.1 Product Cadbury Dairy Milk was launched keeping in mind people taste about the chocolate which a research work is done by Cadbury in 1905. The entire taste ingredients included in it are selected from many different places to give customers the taste they want. 7.2 Price The pricing strategy of Dairy Milk has always been in accordance with its competitors. Price is simply the cost plus profit of the firm. There are many competitors in the market. As the products are of high quality, so usually high prices are charged. So the Management has considered about the competitive price while selecting new prices and schemes. Firms have to consider many factors for determining the price. Selecting the price objective Analyzing competitors costs, Prices and offers. Selecting a pricing method. Prices are set by taking into consideration: The price of the product must be competitive and must entail profit. The pricing strategy can comprise discounts. 7.3 Place Cadbury market Dairy Milk to those places where it can get a good response from the customers as well as revenue to the company. 7.4 Promotion Cadbury like all other brands also invest heavily in advertising its product special its major popular product Cadbury Dairy Milk, it is marketed in the following way Media, Newspaper, Billboard advertisement. 7.5 People People plays a vital role in brand establishment as they are directly involved in the recognition of it in the market and this matter should be realized by the customers that its in their hands, Cadbury target young people and children mainly as compared to elders. 7.6 Process Cadbury keeps a record of all processes it does like methods and process are provided and also keep a record of provided services are helpful for the customers or not, and whether customers are informed or not. 7.7 Physical (evidence) Cadbury keep a record of all experiences which it is getting by physical questioning, buying behaviour of the customers.nad providing them guidelines about the products they are purchasing by giving them brochures, and pamphlets. 8. Action and Implementation Cadbury Dairy Milk has been launched successfully and now we are projecting our focus on increasing the sales and profits of our brand .As after the launching of Galaxy in the market Dairy Milk has gown down to that level where Galaxy is making more profits then Dairy Milk, so Cadbury is trying to regain its market share by doing allot of promotional activities and advertisements for Dairy Milk. 8.1 Budget In view of our action plan for increasing the sales revenue of Cadbury Dairy Milk, extensive promotion is required, and we have the following Marketing budget outlined according to our line of action: Projected Income Statement For Year 2010 2011 UK (  £ ) Sales 20,000,000 Cost of Goods Sold 9,000,000 Gross Profit 11,000,000 General Administrative Expenses 2250,000 Earnings Before Interest and Taxes 8750,000 Interest Expense 110,000 Earnings Before Taxes 8640000 Tax 90,000 Net Profit 8550000 8.2 Conclusion As Cadbury launched Dairy Milk in 1905. Its market gets a great height but after some time its market got a huge decline and its sale got down because its competitor product Galaxy took its market share and customers started to buy Galaxy instead of Cadbury Dairy Milk. As for that Cadbury has started again to do remarketing of its product by doing advisement. Inform of TV advertisements, newspapers, Billboards, etc and hence Cadbury Dairy Milk is on declining stage. 9. Individual Critical Reflection 9.1 Specific Values Cadbury is the world Renowned confectionary company started its business in 1824 and based in United Kingdom .It provide drinking chocolate and chocolate bars like Dairy Milk. Dairy Milk is the largest profit giving product of Cadbury and it is liked by almost every person adult of child that is why its very popular in the world . 9.2 Declining Stage As Cadbury was going to a height then in the mean time new Competitors (Nestle, Mars, Hershey) came into the market with more variety and flavours which thus they started threatening Cadbury sales by a decline in its mass product Cadbury Dairy Milk, as Dairy Milk was coming in the same flavours and competitive prices where as Dairy Milk prices were not competing with its competitors as a result Decline in the product .As Cadbury Dairy Milk competitors like (Nestle, Mars, Hershey) were doing there best to keep there products up to the standard into the Market by doing Media advertisements. 9.2.1 Marketing disadvantages Marketing plays a vital roll in a products popularity and market share in the market but Cadbury lack this in the way that the marketing department didnt paid much attention towards its product so it starts declining . There should be a good marketing plan should be given to a top marketing agency to market the product and to spend money in a correct way 9.2.2 Brand Placement To make a product popular among customers the brand name Cadbury Dairy Milk should be made that much attractive among customers that when it is launched it get the height what it wants. And then it is the agency responsibility to make the product capable of getting its goals and compete with 9.3 Action Plans Dairy Milk has been launched successfully and now we are projecting our focus on increasing the marketing of our brand as it is in declining stage to that percentage that it can compete with its competitors for the upcoming year. Increasing marketing actually means shifting the marketing strategies and attracting new customers to enticing the proven customers to buy again. Attracting new customers is good. But attracting new customers is not the only way to increase the sales. Shifting the sales focus to enticing the current customers can also make increasing the sales easy as well as building customer loyalty that result in repeated sales. The key to success in increasing the sales is effective marketing promotion of the product to an extent that catches the customers confidence. For attaining the desired objective, Cadbury Dairy Milk will conduct back to back advertising and sale promotion campaigns. Following are some details of these campaigns: September: We will start with marketing promotion campaign to generate excitement in the consumers mind for the Cadbury Dairy Milk. During the first month, there will be four trucks that will be roaming in the target areas and distributing free samples of mini Dairy Milk chocolate bars of 25grams. October: In October, we will go to exhibit at the major retail chains, providing free samples in the major shopping malls and Schools and ask there comments. We will also endorse celebrities and hire opinion leader as part of our public relation strategy. Our training staff will work with sales personnel at major retail chains to guide and give information regarding Dairy Milk to the consumers. November: We will start print, TV and internet campaigns for Dairy Milk by running advertisements of all media. The campaign will show the customers hows the taste of Dairy Milk is and take suggestions from them and also telling them about it new flavours and attractive packaging. We will increase the expenditures on Mass Media advertisements in order to improvise the position of the brand in the consumers mind as well as to dominate other Brands in its promotion and per hour airing on TV channels. We will organize different events regarding children so that we can capture the interest of them. We will be visiting schools for organizing fun activities for children. December: We will be launching schemes for retailers and whole-sellers in September, in which certain points will be given to wholesalers on the highest sales of Dairy Milk, and in turn on the basis of these, certain incentives will be provided to peak wholesalers. This can be a good strategy to improve the relations with distribution network and its efficiency as well. January: The best way to promote marketing and sales is to add value. The trick in sales promotion is to come up with ideas which add value to a product, rather than just cutting the price. Therefore, we will be adding value to Dairy Milk by giving every customer a free pencil, free pencil box, free books with purchase of every 250grams chocolate bar of Dairy Milk. The promotion can be successful because consumers will like this idea, and for the company, it can be cheaper than a price cut. February: We shall be distributing Special Shelves, Wall clocks and Key chains with Cadbury Dairy Milk logoto the shopkeepers incentives to promote our brand. March: A scheme will be offered i.e. buy more and more Dairy Milk Family Bars and get a chance to enter a lucky draw scheme to win return ticket to Paris for two people. And therefore, it is hoped that all these promotional activities will create enough awareness amongst the target sector that will force them to look forward to Dairy Milk when buying a Chocolate and all these promotional activities will consequently be resulting in increasing the sale of our product and generating the expected revenue and bringing the product to again in previous position in the market among its competitors. 9.4 Implementation Control In order to effectively implement our desired stated action marketing plan for Cadbury Dairy Milk to increase the sales revenue by the end of this year, we need to have a check on various promotional activities if they are going on accordingly as planned. This review is required on monthly basis so that the objective of achieving high sales revenue can be well chased. Hence the following activities are required to be monitored: There will be the need to monitor whether the marketing objective is achieved or not. Apart from this, the expenditures should be properly monitored and they shouldnt vitiate too much from the forecasted budget. There will be the need to check the distribution network and ensure that product is available in market at all times. There should be a strict check on whether the customers are getting the same message as what we are trying to deliver in advertisement, and hence check its impact on sale. It will also be needed to see the impact on sales by the different promotional activities conducted. It will be strongly needed to identify the packaging preferences or the price related concerns of the customers from time to time, and take corrective actions to achieve the financial and marketing objectives. 9.5 Gantt Chart G A N T T C H A R T Month JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN Campaign Cadbury Dairy Milk COST General Budget: year 2010 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5MILLION Big banners for shows X X X X X X 1million Website Creation X X X X X X  £1.5million ADD Designing Printing X X X X X X  £2.5mIllion Logo Design X X X X X X  £3million Statement Creation X X X X X X  £1million Advertisement on all media`s X X X X X X  £1.5million Agency Cost X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X  £3million Total X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 13.5million